"Absurdity" emerged as a core theme in 20th-century Western literature. This study compares Albert Camus's and Franz Kafka's interpretations of absurdity, focusing on their representative works The Stranger and The Metamorphosis. Methodologically, it adopts a comparative analysis combining textual interpretation and genre theory. In terms of expression, Camus portrays absurdity as an inherent existential tension between human aspirations and the world, manifested through emotional and ideological alienation. Kafka, by contrast, employs surreal narratives (e.g., Gregor's transformation into an insect) to highlight the absurdity of modern life. Regarding purpose, Camus, as an existentialist, emphasizes individual freedom and the need to embrace absurdity for self-actualization. Kafka, a modernist, critiques societal alienation and dehumanization in modernity. This study reveals the multifaceted nature of absurdity, enriching understanding of 20th-century literary explorations of human existence.

Based on language materials from early modern Chinese literature such as "Sanyan Erpai", this study conducts a systematic investigation of the "Ba NP Yi V" ("把 NP一 V") structure in early modern Chinese. Focusing on multiple dimensions of the verb's spatial features, the study systematically reveals the spatial nature of the construction, clarifying that spatiality, rather than mere temporality, constitutes the core to understanding its function. Furthermore, the research explores the metonymic extension of the structure from physical space to psychological space, offering a new perspective for understanding the cognitive mechanisms of spatial expression in Chinese.

This dissertation takes Handel's oratorio Messiah as its research focus and analyses the vocal techniques required in this work, aiming to explore key aspects of artistic expression and interpretation from both musicological and performance perspectives. The article systematically examines key technical and interpretative domains for the soprano, including the nuanced use of ornamentation and da capo conventions, diction and textual clarity, the historical and expressive use of vibrato, dynamic interaction with orchestra and continuo, and the realisation of Baroque Affekt through vocal colour and phrasing. To ground the theoretical discussion in practical reality, the study employs a detailed comparative case analysis of the aria "Rejoice Greatly", examining interpretations by sopranos Emma Kirkby, Kathleen Battle, and Renée Fleming. The case study critically evaluates how these performers balance Historically Informed Performance (HIP) principles with individual artistic expression across specific parameters: ornamentation in da capo sections, tempo and rhythmic flexibility, timbre and vocal production, and textual expression in relation to musical rhetoric. This dissertation contributes to a deeper scholarly understanding of Baroque vocal artistry and proposes a coherent, evidence-based framework for contemporary singers and educators.

Although the word "civilization" appeared in modern society, academic research needs to define that "civilization" is the symbol of the distinction between human society and animal society, and human civilization originated together with human labor, human beings and human society. "Civilization" refers to the different way of life and life state of animals created by human labor. The existence state of human labor determines the existence state of human civilization, and the development degree of human labor determines the development degree of human civilization. The low degree of development of primitive human labor, can only create a very low degree of "civilization", but also create the "civilization" that the animal society does not have. Due to the origin and development of human labor is the human normal human labor with animal abnormal labor into the origin and development of human regular labor, therefore, the history and reality of human civilization is human normal labor to create the normal civilization and human abnormal labor to create abnormal civilization unity with animal violence and parasitic human regular civilization. Human regular labor through the process of human labor perfection, will be transformed into a complete normal human labor. Therefore, it is decided that with the perfection of human labor in the future, the regular civilization of human beings will be transformed into a completely normal civilization of human.

After the Qing dynasty entered the Central Plains, the disappearance of northern military threats led the regions along the Great Wall to shift from frontier zones to interior territories. As a result, the military defensive function of the Great Wall rapidly declined, while its value as a key corridor for north–south transportation became unprecedentedly prominent. This article argues that the functional transformation of the Great Wall in the Qing dynasty constituted a profound process of national spatial governance and identity reconstruction. At the material level, the passes of the Great Wall gradually evolved from military strongholds into commercial hubs and nodes of information dissemination. The transportation network formed on this basis further developed into an information transmission system centered on imperial court bulletins (dibao), with the Great Wall passes serving as channels of circulation, thereby integrating regions inside and outside the Wall into a unified system of administrative communication. At the spiritual level, the Qing court deconstructed the Great Wall's traditional symbolic meaning as a boundary between "Chinese and non-Chinese" through imperial discourse, and, through the dissemination of court bulletins, implicitly reshaped the Great Wall into a spiritual symbol representing political unity and the integration of inner and outer realms.

The philosophy of language centers on the meaning of words and provides important theoretical guidance for the English translation of CPC literature. From the perspective of the philosophy of language, this study takes the English translation of the white paper China's Rural Roads Development in the New Era as a case to construct a "trinity" English translation model for CPC literature. Specifically, at the semantic dimension, this model integrates explanatory thinking, systematic thinking, adaptive thinking, and innovative thinking in a coordinated manner. At the logical dimension, dialectical thinking is employed to identify the authenticity of coordinate relationships between phrases and to examine the degree of adjacency between sentences. At the aesthetic dimension, imitative thinking is adopted to reproduce, to the greatest extent possible, the parallel rhetorical structures of the source text. This model enables translators to work with clear objectives and to approach translation in a comprehensive and systematic manner.

(1) Background: The Ming dynasty represented the peak period in the artistic development of drama printed editions, with Suzhou editions being particularly representative. In the course of localized evolution, these illustrations not only absorbed the brushwork techniques of the Wu School of painting but also integrated the literary sensibilities and aesthetic ideals of Suzhou-based writers, thereby forming an aesthetic character that combined literati elegance with secular expressiveness. In terms of visual representation, Suzhou illustrators and engravers paid particular attention to the depiction of Jiangnan garden landscapes. According to statistical analysis of more than 200 surviving illustrated drama printed editions from Ming-dynasty Suzhou, architectural landscape images account for 98%, making them the dominant visual type in regional printed illustrations. Taking this corpus of architectural landscape illustrations as its research object, this study explores their visual construction logic and spatial patterns within the developmental trajectory of printed drama illustrations. (2) Methods: This study adopts an integrated methodological approach combining iconographic analysis and visual narrative theory. Through documentary research and textual verification, it examines the contextual conditions underlying the formation of architectural landscape visual schemas. Case study analysis is further employed to investigate the morphological typologies and visual rhetoric embodied in these images. (3) Results: Architectural landscape illustrations exhibit clear characteristics of formalization in terms of schema typology, compositional structure, and layout conventions. Their representational language, decorative motifs, and spatial organization collectively enhance the immediacy and lyrical quality of the image–text narrative system. These features reflect deeper cultural tendencies in Ming society, particularly the growing emphasis on individual emotional expression and the aesthetic refinement of everyday living spaces. (4) Conclusion: Influenced by the emergence of early capitalist economic forms and the convergence of elite and popular cultural traditions, architectural landscape schemas in Ming drama printed editions extensively assimilated techniques from traditional painting as well as engraving practices associated with the Jinling and Huizhou publishing schools. Drawing upon Jiangnan gardens as their primary visual prototype, these illustrations established a distinctive visual paradigm for architectural landscape representation. At the narrative level, they were profoundly shaped by the concept of expressive representation (xieyi) and literati aesthetics, achieving both the visual translation of textual narratives and the construction of poetic aesthetic realms within the visual narrative field.

To enhance the precision and adaptability of user experience in home intelligent kitchen scenarios and to promote the appropriate application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in domestic cooking contexts, this study adopts a lifestyle segmentation perspective. Focusing on the behavioral characteristics and experiential needs of users in home intelligent kitchens, quantitative methods—including questionnaire surveys, factor analysis, and cluster analysis—are employed to systematically classify and identify the characteristics of home cooking user groups. The results indicate significant differences among user groups in their usage scenarios within intelligent kitchens. Based on these differences in user characteristics, the study proposes three corresponding design strategies: optimization of interface information visualization, design strategies for users with low vision, and a narrative experience–oriented design approach. These strategies aim to establish a more targeted and differentiated AR experience design framework for home-based fresh cooking environments.

The Yushuta North Site is a new discovery from the Fourth National Cultural Relics Survey. Located on the west bank of the southflowing Yellow River basin, the site covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters. A considerable number of cultural relics of various types are scattered on the site surface, and its cultural features are characteristic of the late Neolithic Age. According to preliminary judgment, the site can be roughly divided into early and late phases, and its main cultural affiliation is closely related to the Haishengbulang Type of the Miaozigou Culture. The new discovery of this site provides new physical materials for indepth research on artifact evolution, settlement patterns, and social structures from the late Yangshao Culture to the Longshan Period in the Yellow River basin of Inner Mongolia.

This study takes English learners in ordinary senior high schools in northern China as the research subjects, and compares the impact of unimodal reading and three types of bimodal input—reading after listening, reading before listening, and reading while listening—on their listening-reading comprehension. The results show that: 1) In the two tests, the effect of reading is significantly better than that of bimodal input; 2) Among the three bimodal input modalities, the reading after listening group performs significantly better than the reading before listening group in the free recall, and significantly outperforms the reading while listening group in the comprehension test; a significant difference is only found between the reading while listening group and the reading before listening group in the free recall. This study provides an empirical reference for the selection of input modalities in the teaching of listening-reading comprehension.