"Absurdity" emerged as a core theme in 20th-century Western literature. This study compares Albert Camus's and Franz Kafka's interpretations of absurdity, focusing on their representative works The Stranger and The Metamorphosis. Methodologically, it adopts a comparative analysis combining textual interpretation and genre theory. In terms of expression, Camus portrays absurdity as an inherent existential tension between human aspirations and the world, manifested through emotional and ideological alienation. Kafka, by contrast, employs surreal narratives (e.g., Gregor's transformation into an insect) to highlight the absurdity of modern life. Regarding purpose, Camus, as an existentialist, emphasizes individual freedom and the need to embrace absurdity for self-actualization. Kafka, a modernist, critiques societal alienation and dehumanization in modernity. This study reveals the multifaceted nature of absurdity, enriching understanding of 20th-century literary explorations of human existence.